The Open System Interconnection Reference Model (OSI Reference Model or OSI Model) is an abstract description for layered communications and computer network protocol design.

Most networks will have more than one switch. As a network administrator you don’t really want to have to go around and manually configure the VLAN information on each of these switches especially in a …

Switches have one broadcast domain by default, therefore a copy of a broadcast sent out by a host plugged into this switch will be received by all of the other attached hosts. The diagram below …

One of the most used Cisco commands is the show interfaces command. Running this command will give you an output of all the configurations on each of the interfaces on the switch or router. To …

Routing protocols on Cisco routers use administrative distances to determine the best route. If you have multiple routing protocols running on a Cisco router the protocol with the lowest administrative distance will be used. The …

Router on a stick (also known as Stub router or One-armed router), allows for communication between hosts in different VLANs. By default ALL traffic destined for hosts in a different VLAN requires a layer 3 …

If you dont know what the enable password or enable secret password is on a router or switch you can reset it by using the information below.
Power cycle the router or switch and press Ctrl+Break on …

When configuring a point to point WAN link you have two types of encapsulation that can be configured. The first is HDLC the second is PPP these encapsulations do not run on LAN’s so you …

By default the passwords on Cisco routers and switches are saved in the configuration unencrypted. The only password that gets encrypted is the enable secret one. to encrypt all passwords on a Cisco router or …